Saturday, 29 April 2017

Notes from laptop

1.

put some album covers in to show they will make some noise and you can get this from just looking at there album art work. Words used.

we are still doing punk just don’t call it punk anymore

ethos still there but methods have changed due to tech 

‘A jolt forces your mind to take notice and pump for meaning, even if there is none.’ (Lasn p.na) 

punk exposed people to art 

A surge of popular interest in anarchism occurred during the 1970s in the United Kingdom following the birth of punk rock, in particular the Situationist-influenced graphics of Sex Pistols artist Jamie Reid, as well as that band's first single, "Anarchy in the U.K.". However, while the early punk scene appropriated anarchist imagery mainly for its shock or comedy value or at best as a desire for hedonist personal freedom,[4][5] Crass along with neighbours Poison Girls may have been the first punk bands to expound serious anarchist ideas.[4]

to much noise for punk to excist 

"Detournement describes the turning around of power structures within images and other forms of mass communication, through appropriation and satirical intervention."

2.
points out that Jamie Reids Surban Press although a political activist did not use the common language of activism but instead ‘the language of ‘agit-propism’ is ‘quoted’ or sardonically and indirectly articulated, and is thus sent up rather than directly spoken in the first person’ Suggesting Reids chosen captions or slogans use ‘agit-propism’ as a new form of protest. An example being his ‘sticker campaign’ of 1972/3, ‘Turn Something on for the Miners’ 24 or ‘Keep Warm This Winter—Make Trouble’, this was to intervene with the Government of the time’s campaign to encourage energy conservation during the oil crisis. Garnnett suggests that Reid used ‘agit-porbism’ a type of propaganda language to critique and communicate his point. 
Robert Garnett (1999, p23) This suggests that individuals from punk within a subculture do have an impact on the way visual communication is represented.

If we look at developing country’s such as Indonesia there is a loud and politically commited generation of punk bands one example Navaculi taking on the palm oil industry. Using kickstarter the band raided $3,500, with this they sourced 6 bikes from Greenpeace, along with riding suits painted with the stripe of the Sumatran tiger a indigenous animal on the brink of extinction. Over 12 days in 2012 they rode 2,500km across Kalimantan, playing shows and protesting against the palm oil industry. 

"Sometimes a whole forest, as far as you could see, was gone. After that we are like, Navicula must be a satellite of information. We have to get the information out."

(Robi Supriyanto)

This need to spread information is where the visual language of a subculture is created as you can see from there love bomb album this language is different from 1976 England. Which concludes that subculture’s influence on design are heavily based around the current political situation that is being experienced live. Although there are still very clear influences of the punk ideologies such as anti establishment but they are also fighting for environmental protection and anti-corruption. Again this is due to time and place. One thing which has not change however is the platforms theirs message is communicated through  music, album covers etc. 

Reid used this method of protest befor the beginning of punk which leaves us with the question are graphic design elements created by punk or by the individuals through there experience’s.



When I was leaving college, Thatcher and the right wing government were pretty much running culture and trying to shift culture from a thinking space to a shopping space, and trying to suppress any kind of rebellious opposition. Punk came out of that oppressive, repressive space. It was an expression of independent individuality, it was a cry against this bland culture.
Twenty-five years later, I see we've returned to that same kind of space. And I think it's going to develop into an active, dangerous, cultural place again. So London's political and cultural space has been an absolutely vital source of thought and impetus for my work.


"I was there for three years doing a graphic design course. I went there to learn the basics and to understand exactly how typography is supposed to work, in terms of the rules," he said.
"It happened at the same time as punk, which was probably the most influential thing to happen to me in London. The punk explosion pushed all of that out the window."
During his studies, Brody moved into a central London squat, and found himself living next to trendsetting nightclubs and gig venues, as well as the singer from experimental post-punk band 23 Skidoo, whom he'd later create artwork for.
"It was the most enthralling experience," he said. "You're right in the centre of this collapsing, decaying space, post what London used to be and just prior to its rebuild as this shopping-mall experience."
"London has a particular set of politics and cultural influences that has been absolutely instrumental in developing the work that I do," he added. "There are a number of sources and ingredients for that. One is: there is such a high level of conservatism in London.”


It's important here to mention that the music scene in London was so vital. There were independent concerts, there was a thriving independent record label scene. And if it wasn't for that, people like myself and other graphic designers such as Vaughan Oliver and Peter Saville out of Manchester and Malcolm Garrett, we would not have survived. There would have been no support system whatsoever. This was allowing us to make a living – albeit a minimal living – but to be able to make a living pursuing ideas, explorations and having them published and put out into a public space. That was absolutely vital. London was this thriving, humming, inspiring, exciting place to be at that time, where anything was possible.


Punk’s influence not only encapsulates a music scene, but rather has come to represent and be misrepresented by a wide range of cultural representations and ideologies, from the concept of nihilism, to deconstructive anarchist politics, to right-wing Neo-Nazism and white supremacism in more recent years. Yet the musical ethos of punk has always been cited by its founders as a spirit of freedom and accessibility for the man on the street. Using abrupt and basic chords, short arrangements and politically charged lyrics that spoke of poverty and industrialism, punk was the outlet for the overworked and underpaid in smoky haunts and crowded halls come every Friday night.

rom the numerous situationist slogans that graced the lyrics of early punk bands, to the proliferation of anarcho-punk bands such as Crass and Conflict in the early eighties, punk rock as a subculture has had a unique history of having a strong relationship with explicitly anarchist and anti-capitalist political content over the years


Punk has primarily appealed to middle-class, straight white boys, who, though they are ” too smart” for the rock music pushed by the multinational corporations, still want to “rock out.” It is also a culture that is associated with alienating oneself from the rest of society, often times in order to rebel against one’s privileged background or parents.

Plus, the anarchist movement today has determined its issues of importance. Rarely do these include community organizing or working for social change around issues that most people prioritize, such as against the more subtle forms of racism, ageism and sexism, for a living wage, health care, and so forth. We are often more interested in promoting anarchism and so-called revolutionary organizations than working to provide real alternatives among everyday people. The current anarchist movement, for this reason, is not very relevant to the actual lives of most oppressed people.

Of course, not all white anarchists are clueless about racial/class relations and their positions of privilege. In the Minneapolis anarcho-punk zine Profane Existence, Joel wrote circa ‘92, “We are the inheritors of the white supremacist, patriarchal, capitalist world order. A prime position as defenders of the capital of the ruling class and the overseers of the underclass has been set aside for us….as punks we reject our inherited race and class positions because we know they are bullshit”.


Noam Chomsky



Withoutthe aid of graphic design, those who sustain the ills of society have no face, no visualidentity, no point of reference, and most importantly, no effect.



"Unprecedented environmental, social and cultural crises demand our attention...charitable causes and other informational design projects urgently require our exper-tise and help." Calling for a shift in graphic design's priorities, the signatories of themanifesto recognised the potential for their skills to aid more humanitariancauses.

Mainstream media do a rather convincing job of keeping our private critical thoughtsisolated. It is an important task to illustrate that the critical and questioning ideas wemay be having individually are, more often than not, shared by others, rather than lettingthem be diffused and disarmed by those in power through religion, politics, education,and popular media (including, of course, graphic design). Graphic design can publiclyand prolifically become the visual manifestation of these shared ideas. "Ideally, art cannspire hope, encourage critical thinking, capture emotion, and stimulate creativity.
It can declare another way to think about and participate in living. Art can documentor challenge history, create a framework for social change, and create a vision of a morejust world


3.

There are LOADS of myths about punk, but NONE of them live up to what it was/is like.”

quote to suggest that you can’t really say what the legacy of punk is. however this is debatable 


‘pop culture’ has gone mainstream. It wasn’t ever thus, and there was a time, pre-punk, when pop culture was still considered to be vulgar, ‘corrupting’,

Quote suggests pop culture was fround apone before 

 For one of the key underlying assumptions is that punk was not an isolated, bounded phenomenon, but had an extensive impact on a variety of cultural and political fields. In other words, we’re going to move away from music a little bit, and explore such disparate areas as film, literature, comics, fashion, and everyday behaviour.

Quote suggesting that punk has influences a range of cultural aspects, this answers what is punk, punk is not just music

‘punk’ is a notoriously amorphous concept.


at a very basic level, we can say that punk was/ is a subculture best characterised as being part youth rebellion, part artistic statement. It had its high point from 1976 to 1979, and was most visible in Britain and America.It had its primary manifestation in music—and specifically in the disaffected rock and roll of bands like the Sex Pistols and the Clash.
PP2


"Yet, if we accept that one of the key defining elements of punk was an emphasis on class politics, then it could only have begun at one time and in one place—Britain in the late 1970s. For example, if we think of punk as an explosion caused by the bringing together of various unstable elements, then the UK’s economic recession during this period can be seen as the catalyst”

Suggets that punk came from the economic recession this fits into subculture 


punk had lost its energy and had been largely co-opted by the mainstream
 
punk ended in 1979 due to other young subcultures but also the movement becoming mainstream. 


 until we can decide what punk was, it is impossible to say what its consequences were.


 such factors as a person’s class, gender, race, sexuality, geographical location, and age-group are bound to be crucial in determining the way they experience i

ROger is suggesting its very difficult to studio as theres lot of aspects which affect how we experience it 
 

Monday, 24 April 2017

OUGD501 Studio Brief 03 - ISSUU Presentation

Book Work













End of module Evaluation



Overall This project did not go perfectly, I rushed into my essay to quickly which lead to a lot of confusion. Next time around I would definitely read and plan for double the amount of time I did this time. I managed to read back through lots of books and as I started my practical my essay seemed to become more clear to me. I would also aim to get more feedback next time around I believe this is what my module on a whole probably lacked the most. I wrote down questionnaire's but next got around to making them. I think that with the questionnaires I could have justified my points much easier and drawn more links. However, I actually learnt an extremely large amount from this project and enjoyed learning about the different theories and philosophies. I think my future design practice will definitely be informed by some of the processes I have learnt.  I think I will also continue with certain parts of my practical outcome after some more development to create something slightly different. I would like to take the montage concept further maybe using randomly generated images. IN conclusion the project did not go as smoothly as I maybe would have liked but then I dont feel like I could of learnt much more than I did so overall i am very happy with the module.

Sunday, 23 April 2017

Rounding up of my essay.

Punk has impacted design by simply encouraging people to give it a go themselves. This often happens by the sharing of ideas and work which happened through record sleeves and zines.As time has gone by these methods of distribution have gone more digital. Such as digital album artwork, blogs, social media, webpages. This is because it is now more accesible than ever even more so than a zine, which even itself if easier than ever to produce. This shows how the DIY ethos has adapted to the digital age. One issue now however is there is more information and 'noise' than in the 70's making it difficult for people with the punk spirit to be heard. Important work trying to evoke change is quickly drowned out, We are not so easily shocked anymore. Overal it seems to me punk has evloved and adapted so much there are sections of it that are not even reconisable anymore. However this does not mean they arnt there, the internet has bred a new generation of agitators, actvists, provoketaru, anachists and punks. Who all realise something is not right within our political systems and which to rebel be this through memes, art, graphics, illustration, mags, zines, blogs, social media, videos, stickers. People are just communicating now on a much larger scale.

Montage




Ravi Zupa


Amid the daily panic of the Trump administration, artist Ravi Zupa wanted to make sure Americans don't neglect the epidemic of police violence. So he collaborated with Art Responders, a San Francisco-based activist art collective, to create Countdown to Justice. The series of prints depicts scenes of police violence juxtaposed with lyrics from Chance the Rapper, Kendrick Lamar and Vince Staples referencing police violence and the necessity of continuing to demand that Black Lives Matter.As the Denver-based Shepard Fairey collaborator told AlterNet over email, "most people don't realize how many of these events continue to occur. According to the Washington Post Fatal Force database, there have been six unarmed black citizens shot and killed by police in the U.S. this year including a 21-year-old pregnant woman. This is an average of two per month, but because the media has so much to contend with (understandably) very few people are aware of it." He will release a new print every time an unarmed black person is killed by police. 

Douglas Coupland


Douglas Coupland
Slogans for the Early Twenty-First Century 
25 January - 2 February, 2014
Reception Sunday,January 26, 5PM
Or Gallery Berlin in co-operation with Transmediale 2013 and the Embassy of Canada is pleased to present Slogans for the Early Twenty-First Century by Douglas Coupland, with the kind support of Daniel Faria Gallery.
This is an ongoing body of statements Coupland has been working on, in which he has made a consistent effort to “Try and isolate what is already different in the twenty-first century mind as opposed to the twentieth.” Many of these slogans – 80 will be shown at the gallery – have appeared in the Posthasteism manifesto conference in Beijing, summer 2012, organized by Shumon Basar, Joseph Grima and Hans Ulrich Obrist, as well as in the Armory Show, New York, 2012 and Coupland’s 2012 solo exhibition at the Daniel Faria Gallery, Toronto. A version of these were also be included in Coupland’s Nuit Blanche Toronto installation, Museum of the Rapture, at Toronto City Hall, 2012.
Coupland states, “If you were to attach a stick to each of these slogans and carry them in the street, would they read as protest or would they read as complicit guilt? For example, twenty years from now, were I to look at a picture of someone holding up a slogan reading ‘being middle class was fun,’ would that read as heartbreaking prescience or as rational acceptance of a by-then sociological certainty?”
Douglas Coupland will have his first museum retrospective, Everywhere is Anywhere is Anything is Everything, opening at the Vancouver Art Gallery, summer 2014. The exhibition will be accompanied by the first extensive publication on Coupland’s visual practice. Coupland has also recently released a collection of essays, Shopping In Jail, with Sternberg Press.
Transmediale is a Berlin-based festival and year-round project that draws out new connections between art, culture and technology. The activities of transmediale aim at fostering a critical understanding of contemporary culture and politics as saturated by media technologies. In the course of its 27 year history, the annual transmediale festival has turned into an essential event in the calendar of media art professionals, artists, activists and students from all over the world. The broad cultural appeal of the festival is recognised by the German federal government who supports the transmediale through its programme for beacons of contemporary culture.


Saturday, 22 April 2017

Fanzines and the internet

Distribution 

Distribution of graphic design work within the punk era happened mainly through fanzines and record sleeves this was because it was the cheapest and most accesible way. The Diy ethos lead to a huge rise in indepdent record labels, This created an entire new marketplace for record sleeves, it was the begining of a boom. A new approach to music images and visuals on the front of 7inchs instead of just the logo. These platforms where perfect for designers to get there work seen as the records would travel around the country and even possible out the country. The rise of punk influences designers to speak out and gave the working class a voice against higher class art students. Now anybody could design you didnt need training or money because postmodernism was on the horizon and rules where thrown out the window. Fanzines where also becomeing a popular method of sharing ideas and work often made in small batchs with a strong DIY ethos behind the movement. This same fanonomon happened again but this time in the form of digital over analog. fanzines have now become a trend and much more effort and price consuming than to just simply share your ideas and beliefs online. This shows the evolution of the DIY ethos to fit into contemporary culture. The internet is widely more accessible than a zine as its even easiewr now for anybody to have ago as it can litraly be cut and paste, image to blog, work to social media. So what can be concluded is the method of distribution has changed but it bares same DIY ethos made popular with the punk movement it is just 40 years older.   


Jamie Reid and Ad busters

Jamie Reid  

Jamie Reid is a graphic design best known for his work with the sex pistols, he is renowned for being a provokenaur and antaganiser, commonly using techniques from situationist international a french art movement which sits in nicely with avade garde, dadaists and anarchism, All big influences within the punk movement. Jamie reid was anti capatlist often using agit progit to put his point across. He owned a fanzine called suburban press which he would use to share his work to the world similar to how linder starling would share hers within the late 70's. He also used record sleeves creating the infamous god save the queen cover which sent huge waves of 'noise' through mass culture, the album cover artwork quickly became banned from the charts. 

Because of the internets accessibility we have seen as huge rise in noise within mass culture, a constant wave of information overload unmanageable for the everyday human to take all this information in. From this I would like to make the point that more people are involved in the punk DIY ethos than ever befor because technology has made self production and publishing more accessible than ever. Now everyone is a reble and prokeavaunr from the push of a button, but it also means everyone is comedian and a beauty professional. Quickly the information being produced builds to exttremly high levels which creates an enviroment where it becomes extremly diificult for us to filter out the useful and unuseful. In short there is now to much 'noise' and punk can no longer be heard, but it is still with us it has just evolved and adapted. For example Adbusters a magazine which also runs as a blog created by anarchist kalle lasn. In terms of ethos his work is very closly related to punk, the anti- establishment, anti consumerism, activist, provokeantur . However the work has a diffrent aesthetic its often made on digital plateforms, this in terms of style is diffrent but when we break it down in term of ethos is still very similar. Because its about using the cheapest most accessible tools we have at hand and in 2017 that is the pc, in 1970's it was scissors and paper. times have changed and punk has evloved but there is no doubt that its legacy is still with us today even if its name and face has changed the essense and ethos is still close by. 

An example of how ad busters has been influenced by jamie reid is there recent magazine cover which takes a cut out image of trump and has reapproiated the barcode to symbols fascism through symbotics of the hitler mustache. Jamie reid did the same but with the nazi symbol as eyeballs. using the cut and paste process to create his aesthetic.















It was a relativly new form of protest using political satire to put his point across.This is now a common fonumina within graphic design, with the role up to the trump election lots of people where getting involved creating an image of sorts to get there point across wether it being for humour or protest. 

Friday, 21 April 2017

Political cartoons


Pop cultures the new punk Concept

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/04/political-memes-2016-election-hillary-clinton-donald-trump

This idea would use memes to show links between pop culture and punk, The idea of appreciating on a new format to provoke others or shift mindsets. I would also print the examples off and then rescan them in to create the zine as a way to question the process of creating a zine. Does it loss its legitimacy if the images are not gathers from old print as the idea of reusing becomes meaningless, because you are creating more waste.  Or is this just how punk has evolved im sure it would be challenged as a non punk way to go about it. The zine would would put my point across of how Influence from punk is in pop culture. It is now a social norm to stand out something every youth strives for however this was not the case in the 70's it seemed to be much more frowned upon. Memes also react to its surrounding and current circumstances. and common trait within punk design. One thing I most note is how in the current day there is alot of nothing being said this is nesscarily a bad thing but people seem to care less and would prefer a cheap laugh than to actually be provoked to think. Memes are an examples of this, they use similar processes they are DIY they use approiation, cut and paste however done on digital software, which in todays world is a very cheap means of production. To much noise in todays society.

Example of memes making a comment on social media 









Aesthetic vs ethos

https://eyeondesign.aiga.org/15-posters-that-show-us-how-graphic-design-works/

I wanted to look at the aesthetic of punk compared to the ethos and is the two overlap at any point. By creating a album sleeve for a pop indie band who want a contemporary twist on the punk aesthetic, the band however would not stand for anything and simple be capitalizing on the style. This would then be compared to an actvist artist who is really trying to say something about society, this would possible be a hip hop artist to show punk is more than just a music style, its a about yours views and making them views know to try and provoke change. The style for this would be very minimal to simple contrast well against punks loud postmodern aesthetic. I would then test this on people to see what there responds is which they would call punk. and which they would call provokative or purposeful design. This would answer the question is punk seem as a style now or and ethos, which would help understand the legacy of punk in contemporary society.  

Sharing of provocateurs Concept

Is the punk ethos still relevant in contemporary culture 

From my research what I have picked up is that punk has evolved to the point where we would no longer punk but there are still clear influences and impacts from the movement. One I would suggest is to shock and provoke, politicaly or simple for pleasure. But this idea of causing a stir within a persons being without them even wanting it to happen. I would now define punk as a feeling you get from looking at a piece of work. From this I have thought about the concept of showcasing these pieces of work. The idea would be a website which uses programming software to automatically take images from social media accounts of certain individuals and collage it onto a singlar webpage. This would mimic the process of cut and paste from  analog to digital. 

To break this concept down I will explain my decisions. 

Plateform & content 

When punk arose people/designers would use content from any form of print they could find, newspapers, magazines, posters etc. However when we think about this process 40 years on we are using a similar technique but with the tools we now have, the internet. Repurposing images, text, political matters to create images for shock, comedy or protest and political satire. Its our version of a cheap way to reproduce work, basicaly the platform has changed. 

Process

In the 70's when the internet was not around designers used platforms such as record sleeves, flyers and fanzines to share there work. Now with the rise of the internet we have social media. It is the same process but it has evolved and adapted to the current times. This is something I can take advantage of just as the punks did with what they had to hand. It comes down to the DIY ethos its self being repurposed. 

Cut and paste 

The idea of cutting images and text then sticking it together to create a new image is something seen constiently through the era of punk. This has never died and is still done today however the process has changed because the times have changed we now copy and paste using images and text from the internet instead of print. 

Websites

Websites are an alternative to fanzines, they have the same pricples they are cheap to create, anyone can do it, they share information. I understand however the zine is very much active I do feel that the website is just a evolved version. 


So my idea is to show an example of how punk design and distribution has evolved. It may not be called punk anymore as the space it excited in has passed but there are still strong elements of it within everyday design. One thing to keep carefull of is that punk ideas and process can also be seen as activism, protesting, anarchism I understand these influences do not solely come from punk however punk did seem to put all these elements into one package and allow them to explode into the minds of the masses because of its popularity. 


scientwehst







Gee Vaucher


Dr Me


Adbusters



Banksy




Punk Anarchy Design

Adbusters 

Banksy 


Linder starling and scientwehst

Linder Sterling 


Linder sterling was a artist and a radical feminist from within the punk and post punk scene, She created collage montages by combining pornographic images from pornographic magazines with images from domestic magazines with mainly domestic appliances being used. This was to make a point about the cultural expectations of women and the treatment of female body as a commodity. These images where created to provoke shock a common tactic used within the punk movement to create a jolt of impact which would immediately catchs people attention. Linder sterling had alot of her work published in the fanzine secret public, This was her way of sharing her work with the world. She also had her work put onto record sleeves another very common way for designers and artists to share there work in the punk era. Her work feated within buzzcocks orgasm addict. 





Now a days fanzines and record sleeves as a means for work to be shared is obsolete as the internet is a much more accessible and cheap way to share work. So when we compare linder starling to designer scientwehst we can see very clearly the link between there process and there aesthetic, However it has evloved to fit the current environment. It is also very clear that they are making similar messages about the female body with a big emphasis on causing a stir. Scientwehst has used cut and paste on a digital platform where as linder sterling has used a analog plateform. So taking from the internet instead of a magazine, I would argue that this holds Punks DIY ethos, as Scientwehst is using the tools she has at hand to get her message across. Instead of using fanzines scientwehst has the opotunity to use social media an even cheaper and easier means of sharing, It has the same sense of self publishing although does come with limitation that a fanzine may not of come with. For example work uploaded can be taken down by instagram if they deem it unappriate I think scientwehst is purposely challenging these limitations however this is pretty punk in instelf, fighting against the establishment. 

Scientwehst 












Punk Record Cover design


Punk through DIY helped to build a new marketplace based around record sleeve design. These sleeves for an outlet for new designs to get there work out to a much larger audience. As the internet was not a thing It works as an alternative. 'the growth in small scale DIY outlets, labels, aand distributors also helped to establish an effective "alternative" marketplace that continues to thrive to this day.' 


One artist to look at is gee its clear a her artwork is politically charged 







Next artist to look at his 





Thursday, 20 April 2017

References

Meme wars - page 10 - a sort story on a professor called Swyngedouws. He makes a point about how his economic class were are all in it s soley to make money and unintrested in society. This makes a comment on how our econmics are run. 'I think swyngedouws aim was to show us we dont have to give in to the system' 'he told us the ratio of raised arms would have been in reversed in the 1970s, but peoples mindsets had changed.'

'Pollution has become boring. casatrophic weather has become routine. enviromental scars are now as commonplace as tv ads for starving children- none of it shocks us anymore.'

'While we slept, species extinction, resource depletion, biodiversity loss - all the vital health curves of the planet - started heading exponentially out of control. '

'we the people running this exeriment of our planet earth, have lost control of our own destiny ... but it is considered impolite to acknowledge that dact in public.'

Bill Rees

'It has been a gradual realization that not only is society not receptive to the data and information but society will organize to explicitly frustate and deny the scienece in order to maintain the status que.'

'Excessive consumption and growth meed to become symbols of shame not status. '

Punk is way befor its time.

Fanzines 

'Walking into any fanzine symposium today one is immediately aware that the days of these small press publications are far from over.' 


The art of punk 

'a movement that now encompasses all forms of media and artitstic practice. '

'The contemporary recieved version of punk history, centred on certain key indivuals' 'lasting two years from 1976 to 1978, has become widely accepted as an authentic account, nd this has led to a stylized and inaccuratr summary of what was, and is still, a disparate and fragmented movement' - good point for key players

' their recollection is bound to be affected by personal taste and experience.'
its been difficult to document the movement beyond a simple chronology of its major themes and events. the exaggerated storied from press realeases and interviews of the period also make it difficult to build a social history of punk.

A punk definition 

A definition of punk along with its primary aesthetic is difficult to pin down.

'The development of individual subgenres of punk, from oi! to anarcho and hardcore in the early 1980s, demonstrates that punk style was never static; rather it was subject to radical and continual change and renegotiation.'

'the increased fragmentation of the genre often demonstrates a clear development in both musical and visual styles'

punk subgenres splitered and mutated, often in "popular" punk styles.

'Such evolutionary steps cAN be observed in the way that waves of acceptance and opposition played out over time.'

This can be seen from the groups invloved lyrics, public statements, musical and visual style of thier records, posters, flyers and graphic identities.

'punk record sale and events remain boouyant in a largely indeopdent and underground market'

Shock

'punk was always based on immediacy-shock-tactical assaults on culture and an often inspired amateurism drawing on undergroun'

'A newer generation, taking its cue from punk slegacy, has seen the subculture grow and expand geographically, musically, and pholosphically-far beyond anything those early pioneers might have thought possible.'

'Its attitudes and aesthetic continue to thrive and prosper and evolve.'

'The visual legacy of punk is extensive and its graphic codes symbols of struggle and reistance, but also a complex subcultural visual vocabulary'

punk art and design cannot be tied down to one set of processes or concepts.'

'Its graphic strategies tapped into long established practices and countercultural crafts in some cases knowingly, as with malcom mclaren and jamie reids situationist rhetoric, malcom garret and richard boon's overt references to modernist design, adam ants homages to eduardo paolozzi, or winston smiths reinterpretation of the subversive potential of collage'

'punks graphic design langauage needed to be identifiable to potential audiences to be effective, record sleeves or posters genrally have to cannote their connection to punk

Jamie Reid

Reid took control of the sex pistols identity in 76. 'Drawing on his background in agitational art and desgin to create a new graphic style that reflected perfectly and perhaps evene helped to inform the controversey that the group generated.'

buzzcocks, slaughters, 999, chelsea and the virators quickly established manchester as punks second city.'

Designers working closely with these groups strived to create a new visual lnadscape that matched the 'new wave' rhetoric of early punk movement, a rejection of the past and a waymaking to the future.'

'in the process, punk aesthetic, and musical and visual styles, morphed ad changed as ideas were bent and reshaped through individual interpretation and local cultursal perspectives.'

Sex pistols typographic style of cut and paste. ' the technique mirroed earlier styles drawn from letterists and situationists among others, thogh its use as a punk visual signifer was more of a graphic blunt tool than a lesson in art history'

Jamie reid ' He drew upon his own background as an agent provocateur within the early 1970s redical underground, initially reusing material he had produced for the suburban press, a political print studio he orginated in croydon, south london active between 71 and 75.